Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test (TUNEL Assay)
The Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test, commonly known as the TUNEL assay, is a crucial tool in assessing male infertility. This test specifically measures the extent of DNA damage in sperm cells, which can be a significant factor in infertility. High levels of sperm DNA fragmentation have been linked to lower fertilization rates, poor embryo quality, and a higher likelihood of early pregnancy loss, even when using assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF and ICSI.
The TUNEL assay works by detecting breaks in the DNA strands within the sperm cells. Unlike standard semen analysis, which only evaluates parameters like sperm count, motility, and morphology, the TUNEL test provides insight into the integrity of the genetic material within the sperm. This information is vital because even sperm that appear normal under a microscope can harbor DNA damage that might affect their ability to successfully fertilize an egg and support embryo development.
TUNEL test is recommended in the following situations:
- Couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages
- Cases of unexplained infertility
- Repeated failed IVF attempts
- Severe male factor infertility where conventional tests show normal results but infertility persists