Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA, which plays a very significant role in cellular energy cycle, resides in the cytoplasm and has circular shape with 16 kb length. Depending on the type of the cell ; although the number of mitochondria vary , for every single mitochondrial there exists more than one circular DNAsDespite the presence of thousands of mitochondria in an ovum cytoplasm, this number drops to a few hundreds in a sperm cell. Because of this fact, mutations in mitochondrial DNA are passed on maternally.

Mitochondrial diseases

• Leber’s Hereditary Optic Atrophy (LHON)
• Kearns Sayre Syndrome (KSS)
• Leigh Syndrome
• NARP Syndrome
• MELAS
• MERRF
• CPEO
• Cardiomyopathy
• Ancephalomyopathy
• Neonatal Death
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Multisystem Disease
• Myodisplastic Syndrome
• Myopathy
• Ataxia
• Dystonia
• Deafness

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